fjpu;fhk nahfpfSk; mth;fspd; tuyhWk;

ghy;Fo ghth

vGjpath;fs;    ~ Rthkp tpf;”hde;jh. bgw;wpf; &upfd;

jkpHhf;fk;      ~ R=pyh uh$h

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gy E}w;whz;Lfshf fjph;fhkk; rhJf;fs;. nahfpfs;. Rthkpfs;. jgrpfs;. rpj;jh;fs; nghd;w Mj;kPf thjpfspd; ,Ug;gplkhf tps’;FfpwJ/ ,th;fspy; bgUk;ghd;iknahh; jkJ rhjidfis jk; guk;giuapd; ngupy; bra;J jk; bgah;fis Kd;itf;fhky; brd;W tpl;ldh;/ ,d;Wk; ,th;fspw; rpyh; mth;fspd; rhjidfspd; epkpj;jk; rKjhaj;jpy; ,lk;bgw;W tpl;ldh;/

fy;ahzfpup Rthkpfs;

fjph;fhkj;jpy; |d;W fy;ahzfpup Rthkpfs; ,Ue;jjhf tuyhW TWfpd;wJ/ ,jpy; |d;whtJ fy;ahzfpup Rthkp md;iwa Kjyhk; ,uh$rp’;f kd;dd; cjtpa[ld; jw;nghija k&h njthyaj;ij fl;odhd;/ mthpd; Futpd; Futhfpa Kjyhk; fy;ahzfpup Rthkp tl,e;jpahtpypUe;J te;jtuhthh;/

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mth; *;fe;jg; bgUkhid mogzpe;J mtiu ,e;jpahtpw;F tUkhW Twpdhh;/ Mdhy; ts;sp. jd;dhy; *;fe;jidg; gpupe;J xU fz’;Tl thHKoahJ vd;W jhypg;gpr;ir nfl;lhs;/ mjw;fpz’;f. Rthkpath;fs; ,e;jpah jpUk;g[k; nehf;fj;ij iftpl;L. xU ae;jpuj;ij cUthf;fp tHpgl Muk;gpj;jhh;/ ,d;W Tl ,e;j ae;jpunk k&h njthyaj;jpy; cs;sJk;. jpUtpHhtpd; rkak; ahidapnyw;wp tPjptyk; tUtJkhFk;/

Rthkpfspd; MiHg;g[f;fpz’;f bja;tahidak;kDk; fjph;fhkj;jpw;F te;J |d;W bja;t’;fSk; re;njh=khf ,Ue;jjhf tuyhW TWfpd;wJ/ bja;tahidapd; Myaj;jpy; cs;s jrdhkp guk;giuapy; KjyhtJ fy;ahzfpup Rthkpfshy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ/ mth; Muk;gpj;j fjph;fhkj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; bja;thidapd; njt*;jhdk;. tl,e;jpahtpy; ,Uf;Fk; jrdhkp guk;giuapYs;s klhjpgjpfshy; elj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ/

,jw;Fg;gpd; fy;ahzfpup Rthkp $Ptd; rkhjpaila mtuJ clk;g[ Rak;g[yp’;f Qgj;ij mile;J xU Kj;Jg;nghw; bwd;gl;lJ/ ,jdhy; ,tiu Kj;Jyp’;f Rthkp vd;Wk; miHf;fg;gl;lhh;/

$arp’;ffpup Rthkp

$arp’;f fpup Rthkp ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s cj;jug; gpunjrj;ij nrh;e;jth;/ ,th; 18k;. 19k; Ew;whz;oy; thH;e;jhh;/ ,tu; Futpd; FU |d;whk; fy;ahzfpup Rthkpahthh;/ Dr. $hd; nltp vd;w kUj;Jt nritiar;nrh;e;j M’;fpnyah; 1819y; nrh; bwhgl; gpwt[dp’; (Governor General) Cth gpunjr tp$aj;jpd;nghJ Rthkpiar; re;jpj;jjhf jkJ ,y’;if tuyhW vd;Dk; g[j;jfj;jpy; btspapl;Ls;shh;/

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ghyRe;jup

tl,e;jpa uh$h xUth;. jkf;F FHe;ij tud; ntz;Lbkd;W fjph;fhkf; flt[splk; nfl;ljd; gadhf ghyRe;jup gpwe;jhs;/ jkf;F tud; fpilj;jhy; Kjw;FHe;ijiaf; flt[Sf;F mh;g;gzpg;gjhf murd; Twpdhd;/ Mdhy; jdJ neh;j;jpia kwe;j murd; mijg;gw;wp fdtpy; epidt{l;l murd; ghyRe;jupia FHe;ijg; gpuhaj;jpy; fjph;fhkf; fe;jDf;F mh;g;gzpj;jhd;/

ghyRe;jhp jdJ ehl;fis fjph;fhkf; flt[Sf;F mh;g;gzpj;J thGk;bghGJ. MtsJ mHifg;gw;wp nfs;tpg;gl;l fz;oaurd; jdJ gilfisaDg;gp mtis mila epidj;jhd;/ mtnsh fjph;fhkf; flt[is ntz;l. *;fe;jdUshy; M’;fpnyag; gil fz;oaurid epe;jpj;J mtid nty;Y}Uf;F mDg;g ghyRe;jup jdJ Ml;fisg; g{$pj;J gyfhyk; thH;e;J k’;fsg[hp Rthkpfis mUspg; gpd; fjph;fhkj;jpy; rkhjpaile;jhh;/

k’;fsg[hp Rthkp

k’;fsg[up Rthkp. 19k; E}w;whz;oy; thH;e;j xU re;epahrp/ ,th; ,e;jpahitr; rhh;e;j th;zrpiar; nrh;e;jth;/ ,th; 1870y; mk;ghe;njhl;il murh’;f gpujpepjpahd E.A. fp’; vd;gtiur; re;jpj;jhh;/ fp’;. K’;fsg[hp Rthkpia tu;zpf;ifapy; mthl jkJ 80 taijg; nghw; nwhw;wkspf;fhky; Mnuhf;fpakhd ,isa njhw;wKilath; vd;W Twpa[s;shh;/ k’;fsg[up Rthkp 1873y; rkhjpaile;jhh;/

nfnrhg[up Rthkp

,th; k’;fsg[up Rthkp guk;giuiar; nrh;e;jth;/ Vwj;jhs 75 Mz;Lfshf fjph;khkj;jpy; thH;e;jhh;/ ghy;Fo ghth vd;wiHf;fg;gLk; nfnrhg[up Rthkp tl ,e;jpahitr; nrh;e;j g;uhkz tk;rj;jpw; gpwe;J rpW tajpnyna jrdhkp Rthkpfs; guk;giuapw; nrh;e;jhh;/ ,th; ghy; kl;Lk; Foj;J thH;e;Jte;jjhy; ,tUf;F ghy;Fo ghgh vd;W ngh; te;jJ/

,e;jpahtpypUe;J ,y’;iff;F te;j ,th; fjph;fhkj;ij mile;J bja;tahidak;kd; njt*jhdj;ij mile;jhh;/ Mdhy; mth; fhl;oy; jt”;bra;a[‘;fhyj;jpy; mtuJ rp=;=uhd Ruh$;g[up Rthkp. mtUf;Fg; gzptpil bra;Jte;jhh;/

,th; bja;tPfj;jd;ikfs; Toa xU re;epahrp/ 1898k; Mz;L bja;tahidak;kd; rigiaj; jf;f xU epWtdkhf mKy;g;gLj;jpaJld; mj tUlk; bfhGk;gpy; rkhjpailejhh;/

Ruh$;g[up Rthkp

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ghy;Fo ghthtpd; rkhjpa[k; kw;Wk; me;jg; guk;giuia nrh;e;j kw;nwhhpd; rkhjpfGk; bja;jahidak;kd; njt*;jhd FUthrdk; cs;sfj;jpy; rpytw;iwg; gf;jh;fs; fhzf;Toajhft[s;sJ/